[ { "tool_id": "WT-001", "canonical_name": "Watchmaker's bench", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Watchmaker's bench is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-002", "canonical_name": "Bench pin", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bench pin is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-003", "canonical_name": "Bench apron and parts-catching cloth", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bench apron and parts-catching cloth is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-004", "canonical_name": "Movement tray", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Movement tray is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-005", "canonical_name": "Compartmented parts cabinet", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Compartmented parts cabinet is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-006", "canonical_name": "Dust cover or bell jar", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dust cover or bell jar is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-007", "canonical_name": "Oil cup", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Oil cup is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-008", "canonical_name": "Bench lamp", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bench lamp is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-009", "canonical_name": "Watchmaker's loupe", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Watchmaker's loupe is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-010", "canonical_name": "Binocular head magnifier", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Binocular head magnifier is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-011", "canonical_name": "Bench microscope", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bench microscope is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-012", "canonical_name": "Movement holder", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Movement holder is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-013", "canonical_name": "Case cushion", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Case cushion is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-014", "canonical_name": "Bench vise", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bench vise is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-015", "canonical_name": "Hand rest", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hand rest is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-016", "canonical_name": "Parts blower", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Parts blower is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-017", "canonical_name": "Pegwood", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pegwood is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-018", "canonical_name": "Pith wood", "category": "Bench infrastructure and visual aids", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early modern period onward; form varies", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; factory bench", "precision_regime": "freehand and visual control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pith wood is assigned the precision-regime label “freehand and visual control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-019", "canonical_name": "Fine-point tweezers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Grips and positions small components with controlled force.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Fine-point tweezers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Grips and positions small components with controlled force.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-020", "canonical_name": "Brass tweezers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Grips and positions small components with controlled force.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Brass tweezers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Grips and positions small components with controlled force.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-021", "canonical_name": "Antimagnetic tweezers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Grips and positions small components with controlled force.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Antimagnetic tweezers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Grips and positions small components with controlled force.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-022", "canonical_name": "Cutting tweezers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Grips and positions small components with controlled force.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cutting tweezers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Grips and positions small components with controlled force.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-023", "canonical_name": "Watchmaker's screwdrivers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Installs or removes miniature screws while limiting slot and head damage.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Watchmaker's screwdrivers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Installs or removes miniature screws while limiting slot and head damage.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-024", "canonical_name": "Screw-holding screwdriver", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Installs or removes miniature screws while limiting slot and head damage.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Screw-holding screwdriver is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Installs or removes miniature screws while limiting slot and head damage.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-025", "canonical_name": "Flat-nose pliers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Flat-nose pliers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-026", "canonical_name": "Round-nose pliers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Round-nose pliers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-027", "canonical_name": "End-cutting nippers", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, End-cutting nippers is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-028", "canonical_name": "Piercing saw", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Piercing saw is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-029", "canonical_name": "Needle file", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Needle file is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-030", "canonical_name": "Escapement file", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Escapement file is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-031", "canonical_name": "Barrette file", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Barrette file is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-032", "canonical_name": "Crossing file", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Crossing file is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-033", "canonical_name": "Screw-head file", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Screw-head file is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-034", "canonical_name": "Pivot file", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pivot file is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-035", "canonical_name": "Graver or burin", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Graver or burin is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-036", "canonical_name": "Onglette graver", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Onglette graver is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-037", "canonical_name": "Scraper", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Scraper is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-038", "canonical_name": "Pivot burnisher", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Compresses and smooths a metal surface rather than cutting it.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pivot burnisher is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Compresses and smooths a metal surface rather than cutting it.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-039", "canonical_name": "Arkansas stone", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Arkansas stone is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-040", "canonical_name": "Abrasive slip", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Abrasive slip is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-041", "canonical_name": "Pin vise", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pin vise is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-042", "canonical_name": "Archimedean hand drill", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Archimedean hand drill is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-043", "canonical_name": "Bow drill", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bow drill is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-044", "canonical_name": "Broach", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Broach is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-045", "canonical_name": "Cutting broach", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cutting broach is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-046", "canonical_name": "Smoothing broach", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Smoothing broach is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-047", "canonical_name": "Taper-pin reamer", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Taper-pin reamer is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-048", "canonical_name": "Staking hammer", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Staking hammer is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-049", "canonical_name": "Staking set and staking block", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Staking set and staking block is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-050", "canonical_name": "Cannon-pinion remover", "category": "General hand tools", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Medieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "artisan bench; repair workshop; specialist component trade", "precision_regime": "embodied skill", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cannon-pinion remover is assigned the precision-regime label “embodied skill”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946" }, { "tool_id": "WT-051", "canonical_name": "Bow lathe", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Antiquity to medieval antecedents; documented in early-modern horological work", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "specialist, educational, and restoration use", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bow lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-052", "canonical_name": "Watchmaker's turns", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to eighteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "specialist and restoration use", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Watchmaker's turns is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-053", "canonical_name": "Dead-center turns", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to eighteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "specialist and restoration use", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dead-center turns is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-054", "canonical_name": "Pivot lathe", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pivot lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-055", "canonical_name": "Jacot tool", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth century", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jacot tool is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "medium", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-056", "canonical_name": "Geneva-pattern watchmaker's lathe", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth century", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Geneva-pattern watchmaker's lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-057", "canonical_name": "WW-pattern watchmaker's lathe", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late nineteenth century", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, WW-pattern watchmaker's lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-058", "canonical_name": "D-bed watchmaker's lathe", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late nineteenth to early twentieth century", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, D-bed watchmaker's lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-059", "canonical_name": "Precision instrument lathe", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth century", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Precision instrument lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-060", "canonical_name": "Lathe headstock", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lathe headstock is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-061", "canonical_name": "Lathe tailstock", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lathe tailstock is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-062", "canonical_name": "Slide rest", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Slide rest is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-063", "canonical_name": "Compound slide", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Compound slide is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-064", "canonical_name": "Cross slide", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cross slide is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-065", "canonical_name": "Graver rest", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Graver rest is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-066", "canonical_name": "Wire chuck", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wire chuck is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-067", "canonical_name": "Split collet", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Split collet is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-068", "canonical_name": "Step chuck", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Step chuck is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-069", "canonical_name": "Wax chuck", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wax chuck is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-070", "canonical_name": "Cement chuck", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cement chuck is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-071", "canonical_name": "Faceplate", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Faceplate is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-072", "canonical_name": "Lathe carrier or dog", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lathe carrier or dog is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-073", "canonical_name": "Mandrel", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Mandrel is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-074", "canonical_name": "Expanding arbor", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Expanding arbor is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-075", "canonical_name": "Pivot-polishing runner", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pivot-polishing runner is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-076", "canonical_name": "Milling attachment for a watchmaker's lathe", "category": "Lathes, turns, and workholding", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type", "workshop_context": "component workshop; factory toolroom; restoration bench", "precision_regime": "constrained geometry", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Milling attachment for a watchmaker's lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1961; DECARLE1959" }, { "tool_id": "WT-077", "canonical_name": "Wheel-cutting engine", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to eighteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-cutting engine is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-078", "canonical_name": "Fusee-cutting engine", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to eighteenth centuries", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "rare specialist and restoration use", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Fusee-cutting engine is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-079", "canonical_name": "Rounding-up tool", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth century", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Rounding-up tool is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-080", "canonical_name": "Wheel-tooth topping tool", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-tooth topping tool is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-081", "canonical_name": "Dividing plate", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dividing plate is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-082", "canonical_name": "Index plate", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Index plate is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-083", "canonical_name": "Sector or dividing arm", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Sector or dividing arm is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-084", "canonical_name": "Fly cutter", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Fly cutter is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-085", "canonical_name": "Form-relieved wheel cutter", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Form-relieved wheel cutter is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-086", "canonical_name": "Pinion cutter", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pinion cutter is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-087", "canonical_name": "Pinion-leaf cutter", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pinion-leaf cutter is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-088", "canonical_name": "Gear hob", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Gear hob is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-089", "canonical_name": "Wheel-blank punch", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-blank punch is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-090", "canonical_name": "Wheel crossing-out jig", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel crossing-out jig is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-091", "canonical_name": "Wheel-crossing saw guide", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-crossing saw guide is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-092", "canonical_name": "Pinion headstock", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pinion headstock is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-093", "canonical_name": "Depthing tool", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth century or earlier", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Depthing tool is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-094", "canonical_name": "Depthing compass", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Depthing compass is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-095", "canonical_name": "Meshing gauge", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Meshing gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-096", "canonical_name": "Tooth-profile projector", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Tooth-profile projector is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-097", "canonical_name": "Wheel-riveting stake", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-riveting stake is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-098", "canonical_name": "Wheel-collet riveting tool", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-collet riveting tool is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-099", "canonical_name": "Wheel-straightening tool", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-straightening tool is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-100", "canonical_name": "Pinion-truing tool", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pinion-truing tool is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-101", "canonical_name": "Arbor-riveting tool", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Arbor-riveting tool is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-102", "canonical_name": "Wheel-broaching plate", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wheel-broaching plate is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-103", "canonical_name": "Cutter-grinding fixture", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cutter-grinding fixture is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-104", "canonical_name": "Gear-inspection microscope", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Gear-inspection microscope is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-105", "canonical_name": "Master wheel or gear gauge", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Master wheel or gear gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-106", "canonical_name": "CNC gear-cutting center", "category": "Wheel, pinion, and gear production", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants", "workshop_context": "wheel and pinion shop; manufacture; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "indexed and repeatable geometry", "production_or_service": "primarily production; selected restoration use", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, CNC gear-cutting center is assigned the precision-regime label “indexed and repeatable geometry”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "THIOUT1741; BERTHOUD1763; SAUNIER1887; WOODBURY1958" }, { "tool_id": "WT-107", "canonical_name": "Escapement demonstration model", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Escapement demonstration model is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-108", "canonical_name": "Verge-making jig", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Verge-making jig is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "medium", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-109", "canonical_name": "Verge gauge", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Verge gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "medium", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-110", "canonical_name": "Crown-wheel cutter", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Crown-wheel cutter is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-111", "canonical_name": "Cylinder-escapement broach", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cylinder-escapement broach is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-112", "canonical_name": "Cylinder-escapement gauge", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cylinder-escapement gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-113", "canonical_name": "Lever-escapement pallet jig", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lever-escapement pallet jig is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-114", "canonical_name": "Pallet warmer", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pallet warmer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-115", "canonical_name": "Pallet-stone setting tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pallet-stone setting tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-116", "canonical_name": "Pallet-fork alignment gauge", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pallet-fork alignment gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-117", "canonical_name": "Banking-pin tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Banking-pin tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-118", "canonical_name": "Roller-table remover", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Roller-table remover is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-119", "canonical_name": "Roller-table staking tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Roller-table staking tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-120", "canonical_name": "Impulse-jewel setting tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Impulse-jewel setting tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-121", "canonical_name": "Escape-wheel truing tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Escape-wheel truing tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-122", "canonical_name": "Balance tack", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Balance tack is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-123", "canonical_name": "Balance-wheel truing calipers", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Balance-wheel truing calipers is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-124", "canonical_name": "Static balance-poising tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Static balance-poising tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-125", "canonical_name": "Dynamic poising machine", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dynamic poising machine is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-126", "canonical_name": "Balance-screw tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Balance-screw tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-127", "canonical_name": "Timing-washer tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Timing-washer tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-128", "canonical_name": "Hairspring vibrating tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hairspring vibrating tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-129", "canonical_name": "Hairspring counting and vibrating machine", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hairspring counting and vibrating machine is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-130", "canonical_name": "Hairspring collet tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hairspring collet tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-131", "canonical_name": "Hairspring studding tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hairspring studding tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-132", "canonical_name": "Hairspring-truing tweezers", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Grips and positions small components with controlled force.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hairspring-truing tweezers is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Grips and positions small components with controlled force.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-133", "canonical_name": "Hairspring forming pins", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hairspring forming pins is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-134", "canonical_name": "Overcoil-forming tool", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Overcoil-forming tool is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-135", "canonical_name": "Mainspring winder", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Mainspring winder is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-136", "canonical_name": "Mainspring-barrel closer", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Mainspring-barrel closer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-137", "canonical_name": "Mainspring-strength gauge", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Mainspring-strength gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-138", "canonical_name": "Balance-spring torque tester", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Balance-spring torque tester is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-139", "canonical_name": "Escapement analyzer", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Escapement analyzer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-140", "canonical_name": "Escapement simulation software", "category": "Escapements, balances, and springs", "primary_function": "Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process", "workshop_context": "escapement shop; regulating department; repair bench", "precision_regime": "calibrated adjustment", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Escapement simulation software is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated adjustment”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; REID1826; SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1952" }, { "tool_id": "WT-141", "canonical_name": "Jewel-drilling bow", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel-drilling bow is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-142", "canonical_name": "Diamond-point jewel drill", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Diamond-point jewel drill is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-143", "canonical_name": "Jewel lathe", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-144", "canonical_name": "Jewel-grinding lap", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel-grinding lap is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-145", "canonical_name": "Jewel-polishing lap", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel-polishing lap is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-146", "canonical_name": "Jewel chuck", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel chuck is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-147", "canonical_name": "Jewel-setting stake", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel-setting stake is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-148", "canonical_name": "Rubbed-in jewel tool", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Rubbed-in jewel tool is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-149", "canonical_name": "Friction jeweling press", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early to mid-twentieth century", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Friction jeweling press is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-150", "canonical_name": "Seitz-pattern jeweling tool", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Twentieth century", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Seitz-pattern jeweling tool is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-151", "canonical_name": "Jewel reamer set", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel reamer set is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-152", "canonical_name": "Jewel pusher", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel pusher is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-153", "canonical_name": "Jewel-setting punch", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel-setting punch is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-154", "canonical_name": "Jewel-height micrometer", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel-height micrometer is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-155", "canonical_name": "Endshake jewel gauge", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Endshake jewel gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-156", "canonical_name": "Chaton-setting tool", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Chaton-setting tool is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-157", "canonical_name": "Oil-sink cutter", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Oil-sink cutter is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-158", "canonical_name": "Jewel-inspection microscope", "category": "Jeweling and bearing work", "primary_function": "Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "jewel shop; movement factory; repair bench", "precision_regime": "constrained fit and surface finish", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jewel-inspection microscope is assigned the precision-regime label “constrained fit and surface finish”. The recorded primary function is “Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; VERNEUIL1902; FRIED1960; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-159", "canonical_name": "Case-opener knife", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Case-opener knife is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-160", "canonical_name": "Jaxa-pattern case wrench", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jaxa-pattern case wrench is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-161", "canonical_name": "Three-point case wrench", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Three-point case wrench is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-162", "canonical_name": "Friction-ball case opener", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Friction-ball case opener is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-163", "canonical_name": "Screw-back case die", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Screw-back case die is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-164", "canonical_name": "Snap-back case closer", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Snap-back case closer is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-165", "canonical_name": "Case press", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Case press is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-166", "canonical_name": "Bezel lifter", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bezel lifter is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-167", "canonical_name": "Crystal lift", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Crystal lift is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-168", "canonical_name": "Crystal press", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Crystal press is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-169", "canonical_name": "Crystal die set", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Crystal die set is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-170", "canonical_name": "Crystal-cutting lathe", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Crystal-cutting lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-171", "canonical_name": "Glass-scoring tool", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Glass-scoring tool is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-172", "canonical_name": "Acrylic-crystal polishing tool", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Acrylic-crystal polishing tool is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-173", "canonical_name": "Gasket pick", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Gasket pick is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-174", "canonical_name": "Gasket-cutting punch", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Gasket-cutting punch is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-175", "canonical_name": "Crown-and-tube tool", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Crown-and-tube tool is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-176", "canonical_name": "Stem-cutting gauge", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Stem-cutting gauge is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-177", "canonical_name": "Case-tube reamer", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Case-tube reamer is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-178", "canonical_name": "Dry pressure tester", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dry pressure tester is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-179", "canonical_name": "Wet pressure tester", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wet pressure tester is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-180", "canonical_name": "Vacuum tester", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Vacuum tester is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-181", "canonical_name": "Condensation tester", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Condensation tester is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-182", "canonical_name": "Electronic leak detector", "category": "Cases, crystals, crowns, and water resistance", "primary_function": "Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "case shop; service center; retail repair bench", "precision_regime": "controlled assembly and verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Electronic leak detector is assigned the precision-regime label “controlled assembly and verification”. The recorded primary function is “Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BRITTEN1896; DECARLE1946; ISO22810; BERGEON" }, { "tool_id": "WT-183", "canonical_name": "Dial-maker's lathe", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial-maker's lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-184", "canonical_name": "Rose engine", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Rose engine is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-185", "canonical_name": "Straight-line engine", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Straight-line engine is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-186", "canonical_name": "Geometric chuck", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Geometric chuck is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-187", "canonical_name": "Guilloché cutter", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Guilloché cutter is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-188", "canonical_name": "Ornamental-turning slide", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Ornamental-turning slide is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-189", "canonical_name": "Pantograph engraving machine", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pantograph engraving machine is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-190", "canonical_name": "Hand-engraving vise", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hand-engraving vise is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-191", "canonical_name": "Enamel muffle kiln", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Enamel muffle kiln is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-192", "canonical_name": "Enamel-grinding stone", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Enamel-grinding stone is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-193", "canonical_name": "Dial-blank press", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial-blank press is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-194", "canonical_name": "Dial-indexing plate", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial-indexing plate is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-195", "canonical_name": "Dial transfer-printing press", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial transfer-printing press is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-196", "canonical_name": "Pad-printing machine", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pad-printing machine is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-197", "canonical_name": "Dial-foot soldering jig", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial-foot soldering jig is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-198", "canonical_name": "Dial-rivet stake", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial-rivet stake is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-199", "canonical_name": "Hand-broaching plate", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hand-broaching plate is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-200", "canonical_name": "Hand-setting press", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hand-setting press is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-201", "canonical_name": "Hand levers", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hand levers is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-202", "canonical_name": "Presto-style hand remover", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Presto-style hand remover is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-203", "canonical_name": "Bluing pan", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Bluing pan is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-204", "canonical_name": "Electroplating bath", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Electroplating bath is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-205", "canonical_name": "Lacquer spray booth", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lacquer spray booth is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-206", "canonical_name": "Laser-engraving station", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Laser-engraving station is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-207", "canonical_name": "Dial-inspection light box", "category": "Dials, hands, engraving, and decorative work", "primary_function": "Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "dial shop; case-decoration workshop; manufacture", "precision_regime": "guided craft and surface control", "production_or_service": "primarily production and restoration", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial-inspection light box is assigned the precision-regime label “guided craft and surface control”. The recorded primary function is “Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "DIDEROT1765; REES1819; SCIENCEMUSEUM; MIH" }, { "tool_id": "WT-208", "canonical_name": "Watch-cleaning jar", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Watch-cleaning jar is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-209", "canonical_name": "Parts basket", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Parts basket is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-210", "canonical_name": "Hand-cranked cleaning machine", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "legacy and hobby use", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Hand-cranked cleaning machine is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-211", "canonical_name": "Motorized multi-jar cleaning machine", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Motorized multi-jar cleaning machine is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-212", "canonical_name": "Centrifugal cleaning machine", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Centrifugal cleaning machine is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-213", "canonical_name": "Ultrasonic cleaner", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Ultrasonic cleaner is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-214", "canonical_name": "Vapor degreaser", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "restricted or displaced in many jurisdictions because of solvent hazards", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Vapor degreaser is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-215", "canonical_name": "Rinse station", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Rinse station is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-216", "canonical_name": "Heated drying cabinet", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Heated drying cabinet is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-217", "canonical_name": "Compressed-air dryer", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Compressed-air dryer is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-218", "canonical_name": "Pith oiler block", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Pith oiler block is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-219", "canonical_name": "Needle oiler", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Needle oiler is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-220", "canonical_name": "Automatic micro-oiler", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Automatic micro-oiler is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-221", "canonical_name": "Grease applicator", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Grease applicator is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-222", "canonical_name": "Epilame-treatment station", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Epilame-treatment station is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-223", "canonical_name": "Oil-viscosity tester", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Oil-viscosity tester is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-224", "canonical_name": "Demagnetizer", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Reduces magnetic or electrostatic contamination.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Demagnetizer is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Reduces magnetic or electrostatic contamination.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-225", "canonical_name": "Dust ionizer", "category": "Cleaning, lubrication, and contamination control", "primary_function": "Reduces magnetic or electrostatic contamination.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twentieth centuries", "workshop_context": "assembly room; service center; restoration workshop", "precision_regime": "process control", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dust ionizer is assigned the precision-regime label “process control”. The recorded primary function is “Reduces magnetic or electrostatic contamination.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "SAUNIER1887; DECARLE1946; ELMA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-226", "canonical_name": "Master regulator clock", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth century onward", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Master regulator clock is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-227", "canonical_name": "Astronomical transit instrument for time determination", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Seventeenth century onward", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "historical metrology; no longer routine in watch production", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Astronomical transit instrument for time determination is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-228", "canonical_name": "Marine-chronometer comparator", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "historical and specialist", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Marine-chronometer comparator is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-229", "canonical_name": "Beat counter", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Beat counter is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-230", "canonical_name": "Acoustic timing microphone", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Acoustic timing microphone is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-231", "canonical_name": "Paper-tape timing machine", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Mid-twentieth century", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "largely obsolete; collectible and educational", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Paper-tape timing machine is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-232", "canonical_name": "Vibrograf-type timing machine", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Mid-twentieth century", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "legacy equipment, still encountered", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Vibrograf-type timing machine is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-233", "canonical_name": "Electronic timegrapher", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth century", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Electronic timegrapher is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-234", "canonical_name": "Multichannel production timing system", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Multichannel production timing system is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-235", "canonical_name": "Quartz watch analyzer", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "1970s onward", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Quartz watch analyzer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-236", "canonical_name": "Frequency counter", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Frequency counter is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-237", "canonical_name": "Oscilloscope", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Oscilloscope is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-238", "canonical_name": "Digital multimeter", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Digital multimeter is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-239", "canonical_name": "Coil tester", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Coil tester is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-240", "canonical_name": "Battery tester", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Battery tester is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-241", "canonical_name": "Rate-trimmer programmer", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Rate-trimmer programmer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-242", "canonical_name": "Current-consumption tester", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Current-consumption tester is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-243", "canonical_name": "Quartz-pulse detector", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Quartz-pulse detector is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-244", "canonical_name": "Mechanical-amplitude analyzer", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Mechanical-amplitude analyzer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-245", "canonical_name": "Lift-angle calculator", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lift-angle calculator is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-246", "canonical_name": "Positional test carousel", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Positional test carousel is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-247", "canonical_name": "Temperature test chamber", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Temperature test chamber is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-248", "canonical_name": "Magnetic-resistance test rig", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Magnetic-resistance test rig is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-249", "canonical_name": "Shock-testing machine", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Shock-testing machine is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-250", "canonical_name": "Chronometer test cabinet", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Chronometer test cabinet is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-251", "canonical_name": "Micrometer", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Micrometer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-252", "canonical_name": "Vernier caliper", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Vernier caliper is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-253", "canonical_name": "Dial indicator", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dial indicator is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-254", "canonical_name": "Lever comparator", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lever comparator is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-255", "canonical_name": "Measuring microscope", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Measuring microscope is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-256", "canonical_name": "Optical comparator or profile projector", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Optical comparator or profile projector is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-257", "canonical_name": "Coordinate measuring machine", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Mid- to late twentieth century", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Coordinate measuring machine is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-258", "canonical_name": "Roundness tester", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Roundness tester is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-259", "canonical_name": "Surface-roughness profilometer", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Surface-roughness profilometer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-260", "canonical_name": "Optical interferometer", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Optical interferometer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-261", "canonical_name": "Laser displacement sensor", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Laser displacement sensor is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-262", "canonical_name": "X-ray fluorescence spectrometer", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth-century workshop adoption", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-263", "canonical_name": "Industrial radiography or CT scanner", "category": "Timing, metrology, and inspection", "primary_function": "Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Twenty-first-century specialist use", "workshop_context": "observatory; regulating room; quality laboratory; service center", "precision_regime": "calibrated measurement and data verification", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Industrial radiography or CT scanner is assigned the precision-regime label “calibrated measurement and data verification”. The recorded primary function is “Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "BERTHOUD1763; COSC; WITSCHI; NIST; ISO3159" }, { "tool_id": "WT-264", "canonical_name": "Line-shaft drive system", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to early twentieth century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "historical, with museum survivals", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Line-shaft drive system is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-265", "canonical_name": "Foot-powered treadle", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "heritage and off-grid specialist use", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Foot-powered treadle is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-266", "canonical_name": "Water-powered workshop drive", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "historical", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Water-powered workshop drive is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-267", "canonical_name": "Steam-powered factory drive", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "historical", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Steam-powered factory drive is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-268", "canonical_name": "Electric-motor drive", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late nineteenth century onward", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Electric-motor drive is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-269", "canonical_name": "Cam-operated automatic lathe", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late nineteenth to twentieth century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cam-operated automatic lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-270", "canonical_name": "Swiss-type sliding-headstock lathe", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late nineteenth to twentieth century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Swiss-type sliding-headstock lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-271", "canonical_name": "Automatic screw machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Automatic screw machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-272", "canonical_name": "Turret lathe", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Turret lathe is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-273", "canonical_name": "Precision milling machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Precision milling machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-274", "canonical_name": "Jig borer", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Jig borer is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-275", "canonical_name": "Surface grinder", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Surface grinder is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-276", "canonical_name": "Cylindrical grinder", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cylindrical grinder is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-277", "canonical_name": "Centerless grinder", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Centerless grinder is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-278", "canonical_name": "Lapping machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lapping machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-279", "canonical_name": "Honing machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Honing machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-280", "canonical_name": "Broaching machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Broaching machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-281", "canonical_name": "Blanking press", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Blanking press is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-282", "canonical_name": "Coining press", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Coining press is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-283", "canonical_name": "Deep-drawing press", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Deep-drawing press is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-284", "canonical_name": "Transfer press", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Transfer press is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-285", "canonical_name": "Heat-treatment furnace", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Heat-treatment furnace is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-286", "canonical_name": "Controlled-atmosphere furnace", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Controlled-atmosphere furnace is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-287", "canonical_name": "Induction-hardening station", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Induction-hardening station is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-288", "canonical_name": "Wire electrical-discharge machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wire electrical-discharge machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-289", "canonical_name": "Sinker electrical-discharge machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Sinker electrical-discharge machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-290", "canonical_name": "Micro-EDM machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth to twenty-first century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Micro-EDM machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-291", "canonical_name": "CNC turning center", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth century onward", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, CNC turning center is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-292", "canonical_name": "Five-axis machining center", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth to twenty-first century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Five-axis machining center is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-293", "canonical_name": "CAD workstation", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Encodes geometry, tolerance, or process intent in a digital model.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth century onward", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, CAD workstation is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Encodes geometry, tolerance, or process intent in a digital model.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-294", "canonical_name": "CAM toolpath system", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth century onward", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, CAM toolpath system is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-295", "canonical_name": "Laser-cutting machine", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Laser-cutting machine is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-296", "canonical_name": "Laser-welding microscope", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth to twenty-first century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Laser-welding microscope is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-297", "canonical_name": "Laser-ablation station", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Laser-ablation station is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-298", "canonical_name": "Physical-vapor-deposition chamber", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Physical-vapor-deposition chamber is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-299", "canonical_name": "Chemical-vapor-deposition chamber", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Chemical-vapor-deposition chamber is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-300", "canonical_name": "Verneuil flame-fusion furnace", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Early twentieth century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Verneuil flame-fusion furnace is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-301", "canonical_name": "Photolithography aligner", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth to twenty-first-century horological use", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Photolithography aligner is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-302", "canonical_name": "Deep reactive-ion etcher", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late 1990s onward in horological microtechnology", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Deep reactive-ion etcher is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-303", "canonical_name": "UV-LIGA exposure and electroforming line", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth to twenty-first century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, UV-LIGA exposure and electroforming line is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-304", "canonical_name": "Wafer-dicing saw", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Wafer-dicing saw is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-305", "canonical_name": "Cleanroom wet bench", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Nineteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Cleanroom wet bench is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-306", "canonical_name": "Automated optical-inspection cell", "category": "Factory machinery and microfabrication", "primary_function": "Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Twenty-first century", "workshop_context": "integrated factory; specialist supplier; cleanroom", "precision_regime": "programmed or production-system control", "production_or_service": "primarily production", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Automated optical-inspection cell is assigned the precision-regime label “programmed or production-system control”. The recorded primary function is “Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; HOKE1990; HOUNSHELL1984; CSEM; SIGATEC; MIMOTEC" }, { "tool_id": "WT-307", "canonical_name": "Maker's bench book", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Maker's bench book is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Primary concerns are ergonomics, eye strain, repetitive work, sharp points, and damage to small parts.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-308", "canonical_name": "Workshop recipe notebook", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Workshop recipe notebook is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-309", "canonical_name": "Dimensioned drawing or blueprint", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Dimensioned drawing or blueprint is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-310", "canonical_name": "Tolerance chart", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Tolerance chart is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-311", "canonical_name": "Process traveler", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Process traveler is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-312", "canonical_name": "Parts catalogue", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Parts catalogue is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-313", "canonical_name": "Interchangeability chart", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Interchangeability chart is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-314", "canonical_name": "Repair manual", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Repair manual is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-315", "canonical_name": "Service bulletin", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Service bulletin is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-316", "canonical_name": "Lubrication chart", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Lubrication chart is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-317", "canonical_name": "Timing certificate", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Timing certificate is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-318", "canonical_name": "Calibration log", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Calibration log is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-319", "canonical_name": "Serial and reference database", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth century onward", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Serial and reference database is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-320", "canonical_name": "CAD-model archive", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Encodes geometry, tolerance, or process intent in a digital model.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth century onward", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, CAD-model archive is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Encodes geometry, tolerance, or process intent in a digital model.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-321", "canonical_name": "Tool-control inventory", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Tool-control inventory is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-322", "canonical_name": "Machine guard", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Machine guard is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-323", "canonical_name": "Local-exhaust fume hood", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Local-exhaust fume hood is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Normal workshop risk assessment applies; hazards depend on the material and operation.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-324", "canonical_name": "Flammable-solvent cabinet", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Eighteenth to twenty-first centuries", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Flammable-solvent cabinet is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-325", "canonical_name": "Radiation survey meter", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Twentieth century", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "current in some form; degree of use depends on workshop scale and technology", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Radiation survey meter is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" }, { "tool_id": "WT-326", "canonical_name": "Radium-containment workstation", "category": "Documentation, training, calibration, and safety", "primary_function": "Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.", "reported_period_or_lineage_range": "Late twentieth to twenty-first-century remediation context", "workshop_context": "workshop; factory; school; quality system", "precision_regime": "organizational control and traceability", "production_or_service": "both production and service", "supplied_status_as_of_2026_08_24": "specialist conservation and hazardous-material work", "editorial_context": "In the supplied index, Radium-containment workstation is assigned the precision-regime label “organizational control and traceability”. The recorded primary function is “Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.”", "supplied_safety_and_conservation_note": "Requires process-appropriate guarding, eye protection, ventilation, chemical control, electrical safety, or radiation control; historical practice often fell below modern standards.", "supplied_evidence_confidence": "high", "category_source_keys": "FITCH1884; BULOVA; OSHA; EPA; AWCI" } ]