Enjoy Watches

Workshop reference

Watchmaking tools

Browse 365 tools, machines and systems used to make, measure and service watches, organized by the work they perform.

Find a tool ↓

365
tools, processes and systems
326
historical records
39
emerging capabilities

Browse by work

Start with the operation

Use these groups when you know the job but not the name of the tool. Supplied research categories remain available in the filters.

Directory

All watchmaking tools

Each entry stays concise. Open the history or future guide for the underlying chronology, evidence notes and scenarios.

Filtering happens in this browser. Your search text is not submitted.
Filters

Showing all 365 records.

  1. WT-001 · Historical tool or process

    Watchmaker's bench

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  2. WT-002 · Historical tool or process

    Bench pin

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  3. WT-003 · Historical tool or process

    Bench apron and parts-catching cloth

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  4. WT-004 · Historical tool or process

    Movement tray

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  5. WT-005 · Historical tool or process

    Compartmented parts cabinet

    Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  6. WT-006 · Historical tool or process

    Dust cover or bell jar

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  7. WT-007 · Historical tool or process

    Oil cup

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  8. WT-008 · Historical tool or process

    Bench lamp

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  9. WT-009 · Historical tool or process

    Watchmaker's loupe

    Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  10. WT-010 · Historical tool or process

    Binocular head magnifier

    Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  11. WT-011 · Historical tool or process

    Bench microscope

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  12. WT-012 · Historical tool or process

    Movement holder

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  13. WT-013 · Historical tool or process

    Case cushion

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  14. WT-014 · Historical tool or process

    Bench vise

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  15. WT-015 · Historical tool or process

    Hand rest

    Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  16. WT-016 · Historical tool or process

    Parts blower

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  17. WT-017 · Historical tool or process

    Pegwood

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  18. WT-018 · Historical tool or process

    Pith wood

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkEarly modern period onward; form varies
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, factory bench.

  19. WT-019 · Historical tool or process

    Fine-point tweezers

    Grips and positions small components with controlled force.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  20. WT-020 · Historical tool or process

    Brass tweezers

    Grips and positions small components with controlled force.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  21. WT-021 · Historical tool or process

    Antimagnetic tweezers

    Grips and positions small components with controlled force.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  22. WT-022 · Historical tool or process

    Cutting tweezers

    Grips and positions small components with controlled force.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  23. WT-023 · Historical tool or process

    Watchmaker's screwdrivers

    Installs or removes miniature screws while limiting slot and head damage.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  24. WT-024 · Historical tool or process

    Screw-holding screwdriver

    Installs or removes miniature screws while limiting slot and head damage.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  25. WT-025 · Historical tool or process

    Flat-nose pliers

    Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  26. WT-026 · Historical tool or process

    Round-nose pliers

    Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  27. WT-027 · Historical tool or process

    End-cutting nippers

    Forms, grips, or cuts wire and small components.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  28. WT-028 · Historical tool or process

    Piercing saw

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  29. WT-029 · Historical tool or process

    Needle file

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  30. WT-030 · Historical tool or process

    Escapement file

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  31. WT-031 · Historical tool or process

    Barrette file

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  32. WT-032 · Historical tool or process

    Crossing file

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  33. WT-033 · Historical tool or process

    Screw-head file

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  34. WT-034 · Historical tool or process

    Pivot file

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  35. WT-035 · Historical tool or process

    Graver or burin

    Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  36. WT-036 · Historical tool or process

    Onglette graver

    Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  37. WT-037 · Historical tool or process

    Scraper

    Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  38. WT-038 · Historical tool or process

    Pivot burnisher

    Compresses and smooths a metal surface rather than cutting it.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  39. WT-039 · Historical tool or process

    Arkansas stone

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  40. WT-040 · Historical tool or process

    Abrasive slip

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  41. WT-041 · Historical tool or process

    Pin vise

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  42. WT-042 · Historical tool or process

    Archimedean hand drill

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  43. WT-043 · Historical tool or process

    Bow drill

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  44. WT-044 · Historical tool or process

    Broach

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  45. WT-045 · Historical tool or process

    Cutting broach

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  46. WT-046 · Historical tool or process

    Smoothing broach

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  47. WT-047 · Historical tool or process

    Taper-pin reamer

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  48. WT-048 · Historical tool or process

    Staking hammer

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  49. WT-049 · Historical tool or process

    Staking set and staking block

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  50. WT-050 · Historical tool or process

    Cannon-pinion remover

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Bench and handworkMedieval or early modern antecedents; horological specialization by the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: artisan bench, repair workshop, specialist component trade.

  51. WT-051 · Historical tool or process

    Bow lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingAntiquity to medieval antecedents; documented in early-modern horological work
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  52. WT-052 · Historical tool or process

    Watchmaker's turns

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to eighteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  53. WT-053 · Historical tool or process

    Dead-center turns

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to eighteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  54. WT-054 · Historical tool or process

    Pivot lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  55. WT-055 · Historical tool or process

    Jacot tool

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Holding and cuttingNineteenth century
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  56. WT-056 · Historical tool or process

    Geneva-pattern watchmaker's lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingNineteenth century
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  57. WT-057 · Historical tool or process

    WW-pattern watchmaker's lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingLate nineteenth century
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  58. WT-058 · Historical tool or process

    D-bed watchmaker's lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingLate nineteenth to early twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  59. WT-059 · Historical tool or process

    Precision instrument lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingNineteenth century
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  60. WT-060 · Historical tool or process

    Lathe headstock

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  61. WT-061 · Historical tool or process

    Lathe tailstock

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  62. WT-062 · Historical tool or process

    Slide rest

    Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  63. WT-063 · Historical tool or process

    Compound slide

    Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  64. WT-064 · Historical tool or process

    Cross slide

    Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  65. WT-065 · Historical tool or process

    Graver rest

    Cuts or scrapes metal under direct hand control.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  66. WT-066 · Historical tool or process

    Wire chuck

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  67. WT-067 · Historical tool or process

    Split collet

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  68. WT-068 · Historical tool or process

    Step chuck

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  69. WT-069 · Historical tool or process

    Wax chuck

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  70. WT-070 · Historical tool or process

    Cement chuck

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  71. WT-071 · Historical tool or process

    Faceplate

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  72. WT-072 · Historical tool or process

    Lathe carrier or dog

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  73. WT-073 · Historical tool or process

    Mandrel

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  74. WT-074 · Historical tool or process

    Expanding arbor

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  75. WT-075 · Historical tool or process

    Pivot-polishing runner

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  76. WT-076 · Historical tool or process

    Milling attachment for a watchmaker's lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, depending on type
    Open record

    Used in: component workshop, factory toolroom, restoration bench.

  77. WT-077 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-cutting engine

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to eighteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  78. WT-078 · Historical tool or process

    Fusee-cutting engine

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to eighteenth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  79. WT-079 · Historical tool or process

    Rounding-up tool

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Holding and cuttingEighteenth century
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  80. WT-080 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-tooth topping tool

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  81. WT-081 · Historical tool or process

    Dividing plate

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  82. WT-082 · Historical tool or process

    Index plate

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  83. WT-083 · Historical tool or process

    Sector or dividing arm

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  84. WT-084 · Historical tool or process

    Fly cutter

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  85. WT-085 · Historical tool or process

    Form-relieved wheel cutter

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  86. WT-086 · Historical tool or process

    Pinion cutter

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  87. WT-087 · Historical tool or process

    Pinion-leaf cutter

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  88. WT-088 · Historical tool or process

    Gear hob

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  89. WT-089 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-blank punch

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  90. WT-090 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel crossing-out jig

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  91. WT-091 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-crossing saw guide

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  92. WT-092 · Historical tool or process

    Pinion headstock

    Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  93. WT-093 · Historical tool or process

    Depthing tool

    Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.

    Holding and cuttingEighteenth century or earlier
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  94. WT-094 · Historical tool or process

    Depthing compass

    Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  95. WT-095 · Historical tool or process

    Meshing gauge

    Establishes or checks the center distance and engagement of wheels and pinions.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  96. WT-096 · Historical tool or process

    Tooth-profile projector

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  97. WT-097 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-riveting stake

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  98. WT-098 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-collet riveting tool

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  99. WT-099 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-straightening tool

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  100. WT-100 · Historical tool or process

    Pinion-truing tool

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  101. WT-101 · Historical tool or process

    Arbor-riveting tool

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  102. WT-102 · Historical tool or process

    Wheel-broaching plate

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  103. WT-103 · Historical tool or process

    Cutter-grinding fixture

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  104. WT-104 · Historical tool or process

    Gear-inspection microscope

    Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  105. WT-105 · Historical tool or process

    Master wheel or gear gauge

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  106. WT-106 · Historical tool or process

    CNC gear-cutting center

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Holding and cuttingSeventeenth to nineteenth centuries, with later industrial variants
    Open record

    Used in: wheel and pinion shop, manufacture, restoration workshop.

  107. WT-107 · Historical tool or process

    Escapement demonstration model

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  108. WT-108 · Historical tool or process

    Verge-making jig

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  109. WT-109 · Historical tool or process

    Verge gauge

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  110. WT-110 · Historical tool or process

    Crown-wheel cutter

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  111. WT-111 · Historical tool or process

    Cylinder-escapement broach

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  112. WT-112 · Historical tool or process

    Cylinder-escapement gauge

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  113. WT-113 · Historical tool or process

    Lever-escapement pallet jig

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  114. WT-114 · Historical tool or process

    Pallet warmer

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  115. WT-115 · Historical tool or process

    Pallet-stone setting tool

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  116. WT-116 · Historical tool or process

    Pallet-fork alignment gauge

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  117. WT-117 · Historical tool or process

    Banking-pin tool

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  118. WT-118 · Historical tool or process

    Roller-table remover

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  119. WT-119 · Historical tool or process

    Roller-table staking tool

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  120. WT-120 · Historical tool or process

    Impulse-jewel setting tool

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  121. WT-121 · Historical tool or process

    Escape-wheel truing tool

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  122. WT-122 · Historical tool or process

    Balance tack

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  123. WT-123 · Historical tool or process

    Balance-wheel truing calipers

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  124. WT-124 · Historical tool or process

    Static balance-poising tool

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  125. WT-125 · Historical tool or process

    Dynamic poising machine

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  126. WT-126 · Historical tool or process

    Balance-screw tool

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  127. WT-127 · Historical tool or process

    Timing-washer tool

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  128. WT-128 · Historical tool or process

    Hairspring vibrating tool

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  129. WT-129 · Historical tool or process

    Hairspring counting and vibrating machine

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  130. WT-130 · Historical tool or process

    Hairspring collet tool

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  131. WT-131 · Historical tool or process

    Hairspring studding tool

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  132. WT-132 · Historical tool or process

    Hairspring-truing tweezers

    Grips and positions small components with controlled force.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  133. WT-133 · Historical tool or process

    Hairspring forming pins

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  134. WT-134 · Historical tool or process

    Overcoil-forming tool

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  135. WT-135 · Historical tool or process

    Mainspring winder

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  136. WT-136 · Historical tool or process

    Mainspring-barrel closer

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  137. WT-137 · Historical tool or process

    Mainspring-strength gauge

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  138. WT-138 · Historical tool or process

    Balance-spring torque tester

    Forms, centers, balances, or characterizes the oscillator or energy-storage spring.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  139. WT-139 · Historical tool or process

    Escapement analyzer

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  140. WT-140 · Historical tool or process

    Escapement simulation software

    Makes, sets, or evaluates the parts that meter energy to the oscillator.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries, depending on escapement and process
    Open record

    Used in: escapement shop, regulating department, repair bench.

  141. WT-141 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel-drilling bow

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  142. WT-142 · Historical tool or process

    Diamond-point jewel drill

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  143. WT-143 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  144. WT-144 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel-grinding lap

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  145. WT-145 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel-polishing lap

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  146. WT-146 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel chuck

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  147. WT-147 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel-setting stake

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  148. WT-148 · Historical tool or process

    Rubbed-in jewel tool

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  149. WT-149 · Historical tool or process

    Friction jeweling press

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEarly to mid-twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  150. WT-150 · Historical tool or process

    Seitz-pattern jeweling tool

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsTwentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  151. WT-151 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel reamer set

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  152. WT-152 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel pusher

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  153. WT-153 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel-setting punch

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  154. WT-154 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel-height micrometer

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  155. WT-155 · Historical tool or process

    Endshake jewel gauge

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  156. WT-156 · Historical tool or process

    Chaton-setting tool

    Makes, sizes, sets, or inspects jewel bearings and their oil-retaining geometry.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  157. WT-157 · Historical tool or process

    Oil-sink cutter

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  158. WT-158 · Historical tool or process

    Jewel-inspection microscope

    Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.

    MovementsEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: jewel shop, movement factory, repair bench.

  159. WT-159 · Historical tool or process

    Case-opener knife

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  160. WT-160 · Historical tool or process

    Jaxa-pattern case wrench

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  161. WT-161 · Historical tool or process

    Three-point case wrench

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  162. WT-162 · Historical tool or process

    Friction-ball case opener

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  163. WT-163 · Historical tool or process

    Screw-back case die

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  164. WT-164 · Historical tool or process

    Snap-back case closer

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  165. WT-165 · Historical tool or process

    Case press

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  166. WT-166 · Historical tool or process

    Bezel lifter

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  167. WT-167 · Historical tool or process

    Crystal lift

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  168. WT-168 · Historical tool or process

    Crystal press

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  169. WT-169 · Historical tool or process

    Crystal die set

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  170. WT-170 · Historical tool or process

    Crystal-cutting lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  171. WT-171 · Historical tool or process

    Glass-scoring tool

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  172. WT-172 · Historical tool or process

    Acrylic-crystal polishing tool

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  173. WT-173 · Historical tool or process

    Gasket pick

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  174. WT-174 · Historical tool or process

    Gasket-cutting punch

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  175. WT-175 · Historical tool or process

    Crown-and-tube tool

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  176. WT-176 · Historical tool or process

    Stem-cutting gauge

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  177. WT-177 · Historical tool or process

    Case-tube reamer

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  178. WT-178 · Historical tool or process

    Dry pressure tester

    Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  179. WT-179 · Historical tool or process

    Wet pressure tester

    Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  180. WT-180 · Historical tool or process

    Vacuum tester

    Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  181. WT-181 · Historical tool or process

    Condensation tester

    Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  182. WT-182 · Historical tool or process

    Electronic leak detector

    Tests enclosure integrity by controlled pressure, vacuum, moisture, or leak sensing.

    Cases and finishingEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: case shop, service center, retail repair bench.

  183. WT-183 · Historical tool or process

    Dial-maker's lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  184. WT-184 · Historical tool or process

    Rose engine

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  185. WT-185 · Historical tool or process

    Straight-line engine

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  186. WT-186 · Historical tool or process

    Geometric chuck

    Holds or drives miniature work with controlled concentricity.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  187. WT-187 · Historical tool or process

    Guilloché cutter

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  188. WT-188 · Historical tool or process

    Ornamental-turning slide

    Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  189. WT-189 · Historical tool or process

    Pantograph engraving machine

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  190. WT-190 · Historical tool or process

    Hand-engraving vise

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  191. WT-191 · Historical tool or process

    Enamel muffle kiln

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  192. WT-192 · Historical tool or process

    Enamel-grinding stone

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  193. WT-193 · Historical tool or process

    Dial-blank press

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  194. WT-194 · Historical tool or process

    Dial-indexing plate

    Generates, finishes, or verifies toothed components and their spacing.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  195. WT-195 · Historical tool or process

    Dial transfer-printing press

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  196. WT-196 · Historical tool or process

    Pad-printing machine

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  197. WT-197 · Historical tool or process

    Dial-foot soldering jig

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  198. WT-198 · Historical tool or process

    Dial-rivet stake

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  199. WT-199 · Historical tool or process

    Hand-broaching plate

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  200. WT-200 · Historical tool or process

    Hand-setting press

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  201. WT-201 · Historical tool or process

    Hand levers

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  202. WT-202 · Historical tool or process

    Presto-style hand remover

    Constrains and supports tool or work motion on a lathe.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  203. WT-203 · Historical tool or process

    Bluing pan

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  204. WT-204 · Historical tool or process

    Electroplating bath

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  205. WT-205 · Historical tool or process

    Lacquer spray booth

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  206. WT-206 · Historical tool or process

    Laser-engraving station

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  207. WT-207 · Historical tool or process

    Dial-inspection light box

    Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.

    Cases and finishingSeventeenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: dial shop, case-decoration workshop, manufacture.

  208. WT-208 · Historical tool or process

    Watch-cleaning jar

    Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  209. WT-209 · Historical tool or process

    Parts basket

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  210. WT-210 · Historical tool or process

    Hand-cranked cleaning machine

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  211. WT-211 · Historical tool or process

    Motorized multi-jar cleaning machine

    Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  212. WT-212 · Historical tool or process

    Centrifugal cleaning machine

    Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  213. WT-213 · Historical tool or process

    Ultrasonic cleaner

    Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  214. WT-214 · Historical tool or process

    Vapor degreaser

    Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  215. WT-215 · Historical tool or process

    Rinse station

    Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  216. WT-216 · Historical tool or process

    Heated drying cabinet

    Removes particles, degraded lubricants, and process residues before assembly or service.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  217. WT-217 · Historical tool or process

    Compressed-air dryer

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  218. WT-218 · Historical tool or process

    Pith oiler block

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  219. WT-219 · Historical tool or process

    Needle oiler

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  220. WT-220 · Historical tool or process

    Automatic micro-oiler

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  221. WT-221 · Historical tool or process

    Grease applicator

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  222. WT-222 · Historical tool or process

    Epilame-treatment station

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  223. WT-223 · Historical tool or process

    Oil-viscosity tester

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  224. WT-224 · Historical tool or process

    Demagnetizer

    Reduces magnetic or electrostatic contamination.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  225. WT-225 · Historical tool or process

    Dust ionizer

    Reduces magnetic or electrostatic contamination.

    Cleaning and serviceEighteenth to twentieth centuries
    Open record

    Used in: assembly room, service center, restoration workshop.

  226. WT-226 · Historical tool or process

    Master regulator clock

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementSeventeenth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  227. WT-227 · Historical tool or process

    Astronomical transit instrument for time determination

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    MeasurementSeventeenth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  228. WT-228 · Historical tool or process

    Marine-chronometer comparator

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  229. WT-229 · Historical tool or process

    Beat counter

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  230. WT-230 · Historical tool or process

    Acoustic timing microphone

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  231. WT-231 · Historical tool or process

    Paper-tape timing machine

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementMid-twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  232. WT-232 · Historical tool or process

    Vibrograf-type timing machine

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementMid-twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  233. WT-233 · Historical tool or process

    Electronic timegrapher

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementLate twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  234. WT-234 · Historical tool or process

    Multichannel production timing system

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  235. WT-235 · Historical tool or process

    Quartz watch analyzer

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Measurement1970s onward
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  236. WT-236 · Historical tool or process

    Frequency counter

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  237. WT-237 · Historical tool or process

    Oscilloscope

    Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  238. WT-238 · Historical tool or process

    Digital multimeter

    Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  239. WT-239 · Historical tool or process

    Coil tester

    Meters lubricant or modifies surface behavior at designated friction points.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  240. WT-240 · Historical tool or process

    Battery tester

    Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  241. WT-241 · Historical tool or process

    Rate-trimmer programmer

    Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  242. WT-242 · Historical tool or process

    Current-consumption tester

    Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  243. WT-243 · Historical tool or process

    Quartz-pulse detector

    Diagnoses electrical and electronic watch circuits.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  244. WT-244 · Historical tool or process

    Mechanical-amplitude analyzer

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  245. WT-245 · Historical tool or process

    Lift-angle calculator

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  246. WT-246 · Historical tool or process

    Positional test carousel

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  247. WT-247 · Historical tool or process

    Temperature test chamber

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  248. WT-248 · Historical tool or process

    Magnetic-resistance test rig

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  249. WT-249 · Historical tool or process

    Shock-testing machine

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  250. WT-250 · Historical tool or process

    Chronometer test cabinet

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  251. WT-251 · Historical tool or process

    Micrometer

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  252. WT-252 · Historical tool or process

    Vernier caliper

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  253. WT-253 · Historical tool or process

    Dial indicator

    Makes, decorates, prints, finishes, or installs visible watch components.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  254. WT-254 · Historical tool or process

    Lever comparator

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  255. WT-255 · Historical tool or process

    Measuring microscope

    Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  256. WT-256 · Historical tool or process

    Optical comparator or profile projector

    Removes metal by hand to establish shape, fit, or finish.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  257. WT-257 · Historical tool or process

    Coordinate measuring machine

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementMid- to late twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  258. WT-258 · Historical tool or process

    Roundness tester

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  259. WT-259 · Historical tool or process

    Surface-roughness profilometer

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  260. WT-260 · Historical tool or process

    Optical interferometer

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  261. WT-261 · Historical tool or process

    Laser displacement sensor

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  262. WT-262 · Historical tool or process

    X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementLate twentieth-century workshop adoption
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  263. WT-263 · Historical tool or process

    Industrial radiography or CT scanner

    Quantifies dimensions, geometry, surface condition, or material composition.

    MeasurementTwenty-first-century specialist use
    Open record

    Used in: observatory, regulating room, quality laboratory, service center.

  264. WT-264 · Historical tool or process

    Line-shaft drive system

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Factory productionEighteenth to early twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  265. WT-265 · Historical tool or process

    Foot-powered treadle

    Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  266. WT-266 · Historical tool or process

    Water-powered workshop drive

    Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  267. WT-267 · Historical tool or process

    Steam-powered factory drive

    Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.

    Factory productionNineteenth century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  268. WT-268 · Historical tool or process

    Electric-motor drive

    Supplies mechanical power to workshop or factory machinery.

    Factory productionLate nineteenth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  269. WT-269 · Historical tool or process

    Cam-operated automatic lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Factory productionLate nineteenth to twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  270. WT-270 · Historical tool or process

    Swiss-type sliding-headstock lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Factory productionLate nineteenth to twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  271. WT-271 · Historical tool or process

    Automatic screw machine

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  272. WT-272 · Historical tool or process

    Turret lathe

    Rotates work so cylindrical features, pivots, shoulders, and surfaces can be generated concentrically.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  273. WT-273 · Historical tool or process

    Precision milling machine

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  274. WT-274 · Historical tool or process

    Jig borer

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  275. WT-275 · Historical tool or process

    Surface grinder

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  276. WT-276 · Historical tool or process

    Cylindrical grinder

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  277. WT-277 · Historical tool or process

    Centerless grinder

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  278. WT-278 · Historical tool or process

    Lapping machine

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  279. WT-279 · Historical tool or process

    Honing machine

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  280. WT-280 · Historical tool or process

    Broaching machine

    Sizes, tapers, or finishes holes.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  281. WT-281 · Historical tool or process

    Blanking press

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  282. WT-282 · Historical tool or process

    Coining press

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  283. WT-283 · Historical tool or process

    Deep-drawing press

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  284. WT-284 · Historical tool or process

    Transfer press

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  285. WT-285 · Historical tool or process

    Heat-treatment furnace

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  286. WT-286 · Historical tool or process

    Controlled-atmosphere furnace

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  287. WT-287 · Historical tool or process

    Induction-hardening station

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  288. WT-288 · Historical tool or process

    Wire electrical-discharge machine

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Factory productionLate twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  289. WT-289 · Historical tool or process

    Sinker electrical-discharge machine

    Supports a specialized operation in watch or clock manufacture, assembly, regulation, repair, or conservation.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  290. WT-290 · Historical tool or process

    Micro-EDM machine

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionLate twentieth to twenty-first century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  291. WT-291 · Historical tool or process

    CNC turning center

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionLate twentieth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  292. WT-292 · Historical tool or process

    Five-axis machining center

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionLate twentieth to twenty-first century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  293. WT-293 · Historical tool or process

    CAD workstation

    Encodes geometry, tolerance, or process intent in a digital model.

    Factory productionLate twentieth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  294. WT-294 · Historical tool or process

    CAM toolpath system

    Opens, closes, forms, fits, or tests the watch enclosure and external controls.

    Factory productionLate twentieth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  295. WT-295 · Historical tool or process

    Laser-cutting machine

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  296. WT-296 · Historical tool or process

    Laser-welding microscope

    Enlarges or improves visibility so surfaces, alignment, contamination, and defects can be judged.

    Factory productionLate twentieth to twenty-first century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  297. WT-297 · Historical tool or process

    Laser-ablation station

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  298. WT-298 · Historical tool or process

    Physical-vapor-deposition chamber

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  299. WT-299 · Historical tool or process

    Chemical-vapor-deposition chamber

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  300. WT-300 · Historical tool or process

    Verneuil flame-fusion furnace

    Produces components through powered, constrained, and repeatable manufacturing operations.

    Factory productionEarly twentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  301. WT-301 · Historical tool or process

    Photolithography aligner

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionLate twentieth to twenty-first-century horological use
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  302. WT-302 · Historical tool or process

    Deep reactive-ion etcher

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionLate 1990s onward in horological microtechnology
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  303. WT-303 · Historical tool or process

    UV-LIGA exposure and electroforming line

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionLate twentieth to twenty-first century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  304. WT-304 · Historical tool or process

    Wafer-dicing saw

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  305. WT-305 · Historical tool or process

    Cleanroom wet bench

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Factory productionNineteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  306. WT-306 · Historical tool or process

    Automated optical-inspection cell

    Supports advanced materials, microfabrication, joining, coating, or automated inspection.

    Factory productionTwenty-first century
    Open record

    Used in: integrated factory, specialist supplier, cleanroom.

  307. WT-307 · Historical tool or process

    Maker's bench book

    Supports posture, part control, and repeatable handwork at the watchmaker's station.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  308. WT-308 · Historical tool or process

    Workshop recipe notebook

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  309. WT-309 · Historical tool or process

    Dimensioned drawing or blueprint

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  310. WT-310 · Historical tool or process

    Tolerance chart

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  311. WT-311 · Historical tool or process

    Process traveler

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  312. WT-312 · Historical tool or process

    Parts catalogue

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  313. WT-313 · Historical tool or process

    Interchangeability chart

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  314. WT-314 · Historical tool or process

    Repair manual

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  315. WT-315 · Historical tool or process

    Service bulletin

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  316. WT-316 · Historical tool or process

    Lubrication chart

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  317. WT-317 · Historical tool or process

    Timing certificate

    Measures rate, beat, amplitude, frequency, or stability against a reference.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  318. WT-318 · Historical tool or process

    Calibration log

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  319. WT-319 · Historical tool or process

    Serial and reference database

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingLate twentieth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  320. WT-320 · Historical tool or process

    CAD-model archive

    Encodes geometry, tolerance, or process intent in a digital model.

    Digital and emergingLate twentieth century onward
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  321. WT-321 · Historical tool or process

    Tool-control inventory

    Records knowledge, dimensions, process status, identity, or calibration for repeatability and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  322. WT-322 · Historical tool or process

    Machine guard

    Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  323. WT-323 · Historical tool or process

    Local-exhaust fume hood

    Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  324. WT-324 · Historical tool or process

    Flammable-solvent cabinet

    Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.

    Digital and emergingEighteenth to twenty-first centuries
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  325. WT-325 · Historical tool or process

    Radiation survey meter

    Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.

    Digital and emergingTwentieth century
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  326. WT-326 · Historical tool or process

    Radium-containment workstation

    Controls workshop hazards or monitors exposure.

    Digital and emergingLate twentieth to twenty-first-century remediation context
    Open record

    Used in: workshop, factory, school, quality system.

  327. FWT-327 · Emerging capability

    Movement digital twin

    A computational representation linking movement geometry, tolerances, kinematics, energy flow, and measured performance.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  328. FWT-328 · Emerging capability

    Manufacturing-cell digital twin

    A live model of machines, fixtures, process states, inspection, and material flow within a production cell.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  329. FWT-329 · Emerging capability

    Lifecycle digital thread

    A linked data chain connecting design, production, inspection, sale, service, repair, and end-of-life records.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  330. FWT-330 · Emerging capability

    Model-based definition package

    A governed product definition containing geometry, tolerances, materials, process intent, inspection rules, and revision history.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  331. FWT-331 · Emerging capability

    Machine-learning defect classifier

    Software that classifies visible or measured defects from images, signals, or process data.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  332. FWT-332 · Emerging capability

    Computer-vision part recognizer

    A vision system that identifies components, orientation, reference family, and likely mismatch during assembly or service.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

  333. FWT-333 · Emerging capability

    In-line optical metrology sensor

    A compact 3D optical sensor integrated into a machine or cell for automatic dimensional and surface checks.

    MeasurementEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  334. FWT-334 · Emerging capability

    In-process acoustic and vibration monitor

    Sensors and models that infer cutting condition, tool wear, chatter, or abnormal assembly behavior from vibration or sound.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  335. FWT-335 · Emerging capability

    Adaptive tool-wear compensation

    A control function that adjusts offsets or process parameters based on measured tool wear and part results.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  336. FWT-336 · Emerging capability

    Predictive-maintenance engine

    Software that estimates maintenance needs from machine condition, use, environment, and failure history.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  337. FWT-337 · Emerging capability

    AI-assisted CAM optimizer

    Software that proposes toolpaths, cutting strategies, parameter windows, and setup alternatives.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  338. FWT-338 · Emerging capability

    Generative fixture-design system

    Software that proposes workholding and handling fixtures from geometry, force, access, and process constraints.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  339. FWT-339 · Emerging capability

    Robotic microassembly cell

    A sensorized robot cell for repetitive handling, placement, fastening, or inspection of miniature components.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  340. FWT-340 · Emerging capability

    Force-feedback microgripper

    A robotic or teleoperated gripper that measures tiny contact forces while handling delicate components.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  341. FWT-341 · Emerging capability

    Vision-guided micro-screw placement cell

    An automated system that identifies, places, starts, and torques miniature screws under visual control.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  342. FWT-342 · Emerging capability

    Automated jewel-placement cell

    A vision- and force-controlled cell for orienting, pressing, and verifying jewels or bearing elements.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  343. FWT-343 · Emerging capability

    Automated lubricant-deposition verification

    A system that deposits or inspects microscopic lubricant amounts and records location, type, and acceptance.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  344. FWT-344 · Emerging capability

    AI timing-trace classifier

    Software that classifies timegrapher traces and correlates patterns with likely faults or setup conditions.

    MeasurementEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

  345. FWT-345 · Emerging capability

    Automated multi-position chronometry cell

    A programmed station that measures rate, amplitude, beat error, environment, and position over time.

    MeasurementEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  346. FWT-346 · Emerging capability

    Environmental test data lake

    A governed repository linking temperature, magnetism, shock, humidity, pressure, and timing results across products and life cycles.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  347. FWT-347 · Emerging capability

    Digital product passport interface

    A tool for reading, writing, validating, or transferring structured product-identity and lifecycle information.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  348. FWT-348 · Emerging capability

    Serialized component and service ledger

    A component-aware record of installed parts, interventions, tests, and responsible parties.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

  349. FWT-349 · Emerging capability

    Digital calibration certificate

    A machine-readable, signed record of an instrument’s calibration status, uncertainty, scope, and traceability.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  350. FWT-350 · Emerging capability

    AR-guided service workstation

    A bench display or headset that overlays procedures, part identification, warnings, or remote guidance onto the work area.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service, training.

  351. FWT-351 · Emerging capability

    Remote-expert telepresence microscope

    A networked microscope and communication setup for live remote inspection, annotation, and guidance.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service, training.

  352. FWT-352 · Emerging capability

    Simulation-based dexterity trainer

    A physical or extended-reality training system that rehearses procedures, force limits, fault recognition, or sequencing.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: training.

  353. FWT-353 · Emerging capability

    Femtosecond laser micromachining cell

    An ultrashort-pulse laser system for low-heat cutting, drilling, ablation, texturing, and modification of difficult materials.

    Factory productionEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  354. FWT-354 · Emerging capability

    Laser-cleaning station

    A controlled laser system for removing selected contamination, coatings, or corrosion products with limited mechanical contact.

    Factory productionEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  355. FWT-355 · Emerging capability

    Two-photon polymerization microprinter

    A high-resolution additive system that writes three-dimensional polymer microstructures using nonlinear optical exposure.

    Factory productionEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  356. FWT-356 · Emerging capability

    Electrochemical micro-metal printer

    A microscale additive process that deposits metal voxel by voxel through localized electrochemistry.

    Factory productionEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  357. FWT-357 · Emerging capability

    Wafer-level flexure production cell

    A cleanroom process chain for batch-producing silicon or related compliant mechanisms and oscillator components.

    Factory productionEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  358. FWT-358 · Emerging capability

    Hybrid UV-LIGA and laser machining cell

    A workflow combining electroformed microcomponents with laser or other secondary machining for local precision and features.

    Factory productionEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production.

  359. FWT-359 · Emerging capability

    High-resolution micro-CT service station

    A specialist CT workflow optimized for non-destructive internal imaging and dimensional analysis of tiny watch assemblies and parts.

    MeasurementEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  360. FWT-360 · Emerging capability

    Multispectral authentication workstation

    A station combining controlled visible, ultraviolet, infrared, fluorescence, and other imaging to compare materials, printing, lume, coatings, and alterations.

    MeasurementEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

  361. FWT-361 · Emerging capability

    Secure firmware service terminal

    An authenticated toolchain for diagnostics, firmware, secure provisioning, component pairing, and post-repair verification of connected watches.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

  362. FWT-362 · Emerging capability

    Smartwatch battery-health and thermal diagnostic station

    A protected station that measures rechargeable-cell health, charging behavior, temperature, swelling risk, and power consumption.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

  363. FWT-363 · Emerging capability

    Wearable-sensor calibration rig

    A controlled setup for checking optical, motion, environmental, or physiological sensors in smart and hybrid watches.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: production, service.

  364. FWT-364 · Emerging capability

    Parts reverse-engineering and qualified remanufacture workflow

    A controlled sequence of imaging, measurement, modeling, manufacture, finishing, testing, and disclosure for unavailable parts.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

  365. FWT-365 · Emerging capability

    Open repair-data exchange

    A standardized mechanism for lawful access to parts data, procedures, diagnostics, calibration requirements, and service records.

    Digital and emergingEmerging capability
    Open record

    Used in: service.

Continue the research

Detail lives with its evidence

The directory helps you find the subject. These pages retain the material that would be needlessly repeated here.

History of watchmaking tools

Documented chronology, workshop change, source notes and the complete historical index.

Read the history guide →

Data and methodology

Downloads, version records, schemas, source registers and editorial limits.

Open the datasets →